Authors:
Celestine,- (s3524864)
Elvina Amelia (s3428572)
Qiannan Ye (s3687733)
A B S T R A C T
The application of Artificial Intelligence in various aspects of mankind’s production has increased exponentially in the last few years. It has also started to have effects on the optimization and looks of the architecture and design field. Therefore, AI holds a high potential to become a fundamental agency that will affect the outcome of future architecture as it is foreseen to be intuitive.
AI can work with an extremely broad scale that mankind might not be able to grasp. This idea is explored by looking into the artificial intelligence within nanobots which brings up the possibility that it will manifest in every range of scale of machines within the architecture field.
The main speculation of this research paper highlights the probability that autonomous artificial intelligence will eventually take over the design process of buildings. It also hypothesizes what the outcome will be since artificial intelligence might develop its own perception of beauty that is different from the initial human input. Thus, we are interested in exploring the prospect of how AI will innovate architectural aesthetics from its intuition and various environmental factors.
1. I N T R O D U C T I O N
We are in an age where we are increasingly dependent on artificial intelligence. The smartphones which we use every day are packed full of AI-operated applications. Since 2006, the popularity of artificial intelligence is rising day by day.[1] Even giant companies such as Google and Amazon think that artificial intelligence is the future. Thus, this amplifies the conception of artificial intelligence integration into most of the things we do in the days to come, without any human interference.
Besides its undeniable presence in our daily lives, there are also observations of an increasing popularity of artificial intelligence being integrated into design and architecture in recent years. However, it has been used mostly as a performance optimization tool, such as BIM software.[2]
Yet, optimization is not the main focus of architectural design. Architects are responsible for more than building performance. Architecture has always been one of humanity’s cultural embodiment. This is mostly shown in the aesthetics of architecture in a certain period of time. Thus, the aesthetics in architectural design is a crucial topic to discuss during this changing time.
This paper is examining the beauty that is produced by artificial intelligence in architecture through the speculation that AI will be fully autonomous and instinctive.
2. A R T I F I C I A L I N T E L L I G E N C E
The idea of teaching the computer to think and behave like a human has been conceived since its invention. The research on artificial intelligence with machine learning started in the 1950s and it is dictated by an algorithmic program as input in an artificial neuron network.[3] In the late 80s, researchers were able to successfully overcome the limitations from that first attempt by creating a more complex multi-layered neural network.[4] At the time, it was able to recognize handwriting and translate it into digital data. Between the 1950s till now, many technologies such as smartphones and computers were created and used by humans where most of them function through a script that allows them to work at its optimal. Nowadays, AI owned by Google can translate a physical magazine written in a foreign language in real time by pointing your smartphone’s camera to the words on the pages. Hence, this optimisation creates an impression to most people that machines can produce work with a really high level of accuracy.
Current breakthrough of artificial intelligence in producing usable outcomes are reached through machine learning process, where AI is fed a massive amount of data that researchers wish it will learn.[5] Then the AI can compute the regularly repeated patterns from all the data it received and learn to recognize them. However, machine learning for AI is the easy part.
For it to be able to produce a satisfactory result, AI needs to go through a deep learning process, in which it practices what has been learned to create its own version. To learn as humans do, trial and error is the heart of this process for AI. The positive outcome of these steps is vital to the new stage of automation.
2.1 SPECULATION ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
When a machine can independently make decisions, most of the human involvements can be removed from the equation.[6] Autonomous AI might revolutionize architecture design once it possesses its own instinct.
This relates back to our research on nanobots in the early stages of research for this paper.
Nanobots are robots that are measured in nanometers. Currently, they are in the research and development phase where the research is mostly in the medical field. Current nanobots are still working in an isolated environment where the environment is assumed as utopian.[7] This runs in parallel with the neglection of other factors in the human expectations towards AI.
Thus, humans brought forth this expectation towards artificial intelligence to be comparable to themselves but expect them to make minimum mistakes due to the computing in them.[8] The expectations towards its accuracy in performing are even higher because AI is instinctive compared to previous technologies. However, this ideal towards ai has neglected a lot of factors that it might make mistakes due to the possibility that ai will be affected by other frequencies in natural forces such as wind and light that will become input in their sensory navigation. The diagrams below will further elaborate on this argument.
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| Figure 1: Current AI advancement in nanobot |
As shown in figure 1, it is shown that the artificial intelligence within the nanobot is able to plan the best and most efficient path for the nanobot to move through its surroundings for it to function at its best.
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| Figure 2: Current artificial intelligence advancement |
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| Figure 3: Prediction of the advancement of artificial intelligence in the future |
Through this research on nanobots, we speculated that its artificial intelligence has a huge potential in the architectural field in the future. The diagrams below outlines our speculation of how the artificial intelligence work in a natural environment.
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| Figure 4: Programmed path |
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| Figure 5: Artificial intelligence has the possibility to receive unintentional sensory input such as sound waves |
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| Figure 6: speculation on the possibility that the programmed path will be affected by other frequencies in the natural |
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| Figure 7: speculation on the likelihood that the outcome of the architecture will be affected |
The artificial intelligence that is speculated will be applied to different mediums in the architectural field. Therefore, the amount of fluctuation will vary depending on the size of the medium.
This raises the question of how mankind perceives beauty. Beauty is an extremely complex subject in the field of design as it is often said as being highly subjective. Nonetheless, it is probable that AI can be taught what mankind find beautiful. However, a big question still remains. How mankind measures beauty.
3. H O W D O W E M E A S U R E B E A U T Y ?
As mentioned before, Artificial Intelligence works with input algorithm, which is based on mathematical principles and logic. Math enables human to have a measurable system for beauty. It is also easier for AI to determine a workable parameter. So, it is safe to say that designs generated by AI will have mathematical characteristics. Thus, the measuring unit of beauty generated by AI should also involve a mathematical point of view as human measures beauty with math too and it gives human and AI the same base criteria.
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| Figure 8: This artwork created by Google Deep Dream is selling for serious money. Via World Economic Forum. |
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