Architects
Location
Canal Principal, San Jerónimo, Xochimilco, 16420 Mexico City, Federal District, Mexico
Architect in Charge
Felix Candela
Design Team
Colin Faber
Project Year
1958
With the design for Los Manantiales, Felix Candela’s experimental form finding gave rise to an efficient, elegant, and enduring work of structural art. Comprised of four intersecting hypars, a strikingly thin roof surface creates a dramatic dining space.
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The roof is a circular array of four curved-edge hypar saddles that intersect at the center point, resulting in an eight-sided groined vault. The plan is radially symmetric with a maximum diameter of 139 feet. Groins spanning 106 feet between supports. Trimmed at the perimeter to form a canted parabolic overhang, the shell simultaneously rises up and out at each undulation. The force paths from these overhangs act in the opposite direction from forces along the arched groin, reducing outward thrust.
Diagram for Hyper Forms(Credit:Archdaily)
The largest membrane forces are carried along the intersections between the forms, called the groins. This areas are thickened by creating hidden steel reinforced “V” beams. The rest of the structure has minimal reinforcing to address creep and temperature effects, but essentially works entirely in compression. The symmetrical plan and innovative use of “V” beams allows edges free of stiffening beams, revealing the radical thickness of the 4cm (1 ½”) shell.
(Credit:Archdaily)
Narrow boards were used as formwork, following the straight-line generator that forms the hypar surface. Steel reinforcing and a layer of cement grout (to create a smooth inner surface) underlie concrete applied one bucket at a time by laborers.
Los Manantiales is still operated as a restaurant today.
© Flickr user duncan c
Photo Credit: wikiarquitectura
Archdaily,AD Classics: Los Manantiales / Felix CandelaSources
Burger, Noah and Billington, David P. “Felix Candela, Elegance and Endurance: an examination of the Xochmilco Shell.” Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures: IASS. Volume 27 (2006) No. 3, December n. 152, pgs 271-278.
Guthrie, Jill, editor. Felix Candela: Engineer, Building, Structural Artist. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Art Museum, 2008.
“Recent work of Mexico’s Felix Candela.” Progressive Architecture 40 (1959): 132-141.
Youtube,FELIX CANDELA, PARABOLOIDE HIPERBOLICA
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